بررسی تاثیر مداخلات آموزشی بر مراقبت از بینایی در بیماران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوى دکتراى تخصصى آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاى سلامت، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویى، دانشگاه علوم پزشکى مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقاى سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکى مشهد. مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده :
زمینه و هدف: اختلالات بینایی یکی از معضلات مهم بهداشتی است که بار مالی عظیم و از دست رفتن بهره وری را به‌همراه دارد. بررسی مداخلات آموزشی از نظر محتوا، روش‌های آموزشی و تاثیرآن به‌منظور یافتن شکاف‌های اطلاعاتی در این حوزه ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه بدنبال پاسخ به این سوال بود که با تمرکز بر سطوح پیشگیری در حوزه مراقبت بینایی مطالعات مداخله‌ای آموزش به بیمارمبتنی بر چه روش‌هایی بوده‌است؟ با استفاده از عبارات جستجو مربوط بهPICO مانندeye disease, Patient education از پایگاه‌های,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science Google Scholar,irandoc, medlib, Magiran, SID برای جستجو استفاده شد.معیار ورود، مطالعات کارآزمایی بالینی در حوزه مراقبت از بینایی با هرنوع مداخله آموزشی از سال 2004تا 2021 بود.
یافته ها: این مطالعه مروری با استفاده از بیانیه PRISMAتنظیم و از مجموع 7898 مطالعه 14 مطالعه انتخاب شد. 13مطالعه درسطح پیشگیری سطح 2 و 3 و با تمرکز بیماری رتینوپاتی دیابتی، کاتاراکت و گلوکوم بود. یک مطالعه درسطح اول پیشگیری و یک مطالعه در خصوص آموزش مراقبت قبل از عمل یافت شد. در شیوه آموزشی، تنها یک مطالعه مبتنی بر تئوری‌های آموزش یافت شدو بقیه شامل آموزش چهره به چهره، مشاوره فردی،گروهی و شیوه چند رسانه‌ای بود.
نتیجه گیری: آموزش بیماران مبتلا به اختلال بینایی، بخشی جدایی ناپذیر و یکی از مداخلات مهم بهداشتی است.بررسی محتوا و شیوه‌های آموزشی می‌تواند در ارائه بهتر و موثر برنامه‌های آموزشی کمک کند. با توجه به بررسی انجام شده، مداخلات آموزشی در مراقبت از بینایی به خصوص در سطح اول پیشگیری محدود و ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد.

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