[1] Tsai M-H, Chen W-P, Chen C-L, Siu LK, Yu C-M, Shang H-S, et al. Treatment outcomes of combination versus monotherapy in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia: a retrospective single-center analysis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2026:e01297-25.
[2] Kwa A, Low J, Lim T-P, Leow P-C, Kurup A, Tam VH. Independent predictors for mortality in patients with positive Stenotrophomonas maltophilia cultures. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37(10):826-30.
[3] Sezen AI, Ozdemir YE, Yeşilbağ Z, Borcak D, Ünlü EC, Erdem FB, et al. Seven-year evaluation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in a university-affiliated hospital. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2025;19(04):498-503.
[4] Al-Jasser AM. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: an increasing problem. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials. 2006;5:1-3.
[5] Falagas ME, Valkimadi P-E, Huang Y-T, Matthaiou DK, Hsueh P-R. Therapeutic options for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections beyond co-trimoxazole: a systematic review. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2008;62(5):889-94.
[6] Garcia Paez J, Tengan F, Barone A, Levin A, Costa S. Factors associated with mortality in patients with bloodstream infection and pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases. 2008;27:901-6.
[7] Senol E, DesJardin J, Stark PC, Barefoot L, Snydman DR. Attributable mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. Clinical infectious diseases. 2002;34(12):1653-6.
[8] Paez JG, Tengan F, Barone A, Levin A, Costa S. Factors associated with mortality in patients with bloodstream infection and pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases. 2008;27(10):901-6.
[9] Tan C-K, Liaw S-J, Yu C-J, Teng L-J, Hsueh P-R. Extensively drug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a tertiary care hospital in Taiwan: microbiologic characteristics, clinical features, and outcomes. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2008;60(2):205-10.
[10] Falagas M, Kastoris A, Vouloumanou E, Dimopoulos G. Community-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases. 2009;28:719-30.
[11] Denton M, Kerr KG. Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1998;11(1):57-80.
[12] Boktour M, Hanna H, Ansari S, Bahna B, Hachem R, Tarrand J, et al. Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 2006;106(9):1967-73.
[13] Lai C-H, Chi C-Y, Chen H-P, Chen T-L, Lai C-J, Fung C-P, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection= Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi. 2004;37(6):350-8.
[14] Velázquez-Acosta C, Zarco-Márquez S, Jiménez-Andrade MC, Volkow-Fernández P, Cornejo-Juárez P. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia and pneumonia at a tertiary-care oncology center: a review of 16 years. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2018;26:1953-60.
[15] Lai C-H, Wong W-W, Chin C, Huang C-K, Lin H-H, Chen W-F, et al. Central venous catheter-related Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia and associated relapsing bacteraemia in haematology and oncology patients. Clinical microbiology and infection. 2006;12(10):986-91.
[16] Pathmanathan A, Waterer G. Significance of positive Stenotrophomonas maltophilia culture in acute respiratory tract infection. European Respiratory Journal. 2005;25(5):911-4.
[17] Garazi M, Singer C, Tai J, Ginocchio C. Bloodstream infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a seven-year review. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2012;81(2):114-8.
[18] Barchitta M, Cipresso R, Giaquinta L, Romeo MA, Denaro C, Pennisi C, et al. Acquisition and spread of Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in intensive care patients. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2009;212(3):330-7.
[19] Gokhan Gozel M, Celik C, Elaldi N. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections in Adults: Primary Bacteremia and Pneumonia. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015;8(8):e23569.
[20] Nair AP, Sasi S, Al Maslamani M, Al-Khal A, Chacko K, Deshmukh A, et al. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Qatar: A Retrospective Study. Cureus. 2022;14(3):e23263.
[21] Gajdács M, Urbán E. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Respiratory Tract Samples: A 10-Year Epidemiological Snapshot. Health services research and managerial epidemiology. 2019;6:2333392819870774.
[22] Chen Y, Suo J. Clinical Features, Outcomes, and Risk Factors of Bloodstream Infections due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Tertiary-Care Hospital of China: A Retrospective Analysis. 2019;2019:4931501.
[23] Pessach IM, Notarangelo LD. X-linked primary immunodeficiencies as a bridge to better understandingX-chromosome related autoimmunity. Journal of autoimmunity. 2009;33(1):17-24.
[24] Raoofi S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Rafiei S, Hosseinipalangi Z, Noorani Mejareh Z, Khani S, et al. Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2023;18(1):e0274248.
[25] Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Aravindakshan R, Al-Kasaby NM. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An emerging opportunistic nosocomial pathogen in a tertiary care hospital in Al Batinah North Governorate, Oman. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal. 2021;21(1):e66-e71.
[26] Wang L, Zhou W, Cao Y, Yang C, Liu H, Chen T, et al. Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in children in Sichuan, China, from 2010 to 2017. Medicine. 2020;99(8):e19250.
[27] Rizi KS, Jamehdar SA, Sasan MS, Ghazvini K, Aryan E, Safdari H, et al. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the northeast of Iran. Gene Reports. 2024;34:101857.
[28] Zamani S, Nasiri MJ, Noorazar Khoshgnab B. Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strains Isolated from Blood Samples of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The 13th Iranian & the Second International Congress of Microbiology2012.
[29] Jamali F, Boroumand MA, Yazdani F, Anvari MS, Pourgholi L, Mahfouzi S, et al. Minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime and Co-trimoxazole for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using E-test. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases. 2011;3(3):254-8.
[30] Nemati AH, Solgi H, Vaziri F, Shahcheraghi F. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates from blood samples in Iran. Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2015;3(1):35-7.
[31] Ebrahim-Saraie HS, Heidari H, Soltani B, Mardaneh J, Motamedifar M. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and integrons, sul and Smqnr genes in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from a tertiary care hospital in Southwest Iran. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2019;22(8):872.
[32] Nikpour A, Shabani M, Kazemi A, Mohandesi M, Ershadpour R, Rezaei Yazdi H. Identification and determination of antibiotic resistance pattern of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated form medical devices and clinical samples in jahrom, s hospitals by phenotype and molecular methods. Pars Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;14(2):43-50.
[33] Azimi A, Aslanimehr M, Yaseri M, Shadkam M, Douraghi M. Distribution of smf-1, rmlA, spgM and rpfF genes among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates in relation to biofilm-forming capacity. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2020;23:321-6.
[34] Sameni F, Pourali Eshkalak M, Hajikhani B, Ghazi M, Dadashi M. Identification, isolation and evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from blood samples of patients referred to medical centers in Qazvin in 2022. Daneshvar Medicine. 2023;31(4):20-7.
[35] Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Nazarinejad N, Noorisepehr N, Yazdani S, Hashemi A, et al. Global prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2023;34:253-67.
[36] Brooke JS. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2012;25(1):2-41.
[37] Falagas ME, Kastoris AC, Vouloumanou EK, Rafailidis PI, Kapaskelis AM, Dimopoulos G. Attributable mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: a systematic review of the literature. Future microbiology. 2009;4(9):1103-9.
[38] Appaneal HJ, Lopes VV, LaPlante KL, Caffrey AR. Treatment, clinical outcomes, and predictors of mortality among a national cohort of hospitalized patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Public Health. 2023;214:73-80.
[39] Rønn C, Kamstrup P, Eklöf J, Toennesen LL, Boel JB, Andersen CO, et al. Mortality and exacerbations associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A regional cohort study of 22,689 outpatients. Respiratory Research. 2023;24(1):232.
[40] Insuwanno W, Kiratisin P, Jitmuang A. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections: clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality of hospitalized patients. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2020:1559-66.
[41] Tanuma M, Sakurai T, Nakaminami H, Tanaka M. Risk Factors for Mortality in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia: A 22-Year Retrospective Study in a Japanese Acute Care Hospital. Access Microbiology. 2026:001194. v1.
[42] Chen C-L, Chen W-P, Chang F-Y, Yu C-M, Siu LK, Yang Y-S, et al. Comparison of clinical and safety outcomes in patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia: a trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus levofloxacin monotherapy. Infection. 2026;54(1):459-71.
)