Effects of eight weeks of regular exercise in the morning serum factors of immune systems and cortisol levels in women

Document Type : Original article

Author

Sport Science and Physical Education Department, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in serum immunoglobulin A concentrations & cortisol levels in women's after eight weeks exercise in the morning.
Material and Methods: This study was experimental study and 32, healthy, adult inactive women's (aged 30-40 years, main weight 60.5± 3.5 kg and main height 165± 4.5 cm) were randomly selected and assigned to either the control and the exercise group their exercise program consisted of three sessions a week, for eight weeks. Each subject performed exercise at 06:00 a.m during the study, while controls continued their normal life style. Changes in fasting IgA concentrations and cortisol serum levels were monitored at the beginning and end of exercise at every session.  Data Analysis was performed based on descriptive and analytical methods.
Results: There were not any significant differences between the mean levels of serum IgA in the exercise group than control group (P>0.05), while, the levels of serum cortisol (17.7±6.2 μg/dl ) significantly greater in the exercise group than control group (P<0.001). Significant correlation was not found between IgA and serum cortisol.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that participation in training the control and the exercise group has no effect on serum levels of IgA, but change levels of serum cortisol that may be due to hormonal response and physiological stress.

Keywords


1.Papacosta E, Nassis GP. Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport. 2011;14:424–434.
2. Guliherme  PN, Renato C B, Joao C B,  Alankardison  F M, Wilson K F, Regina M S. Serum cortisol, lactate and creatinine concentrations in thoroughbred fillies of different ages and states of training. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2002; 39:54-57.
 3. Loria P, Ottoboni S , Michelazzi L, Giuria R, Ghisellini P, et al.  Salivary Cortisol in an Extreme Non-Competitive Sport Exercise: Winter Swimming. Natu Sci. 2014; 6, 387-398.
 4. Hansen  A M. Garde  A H, Persson R.  Sources of biological and methodological variation in salivary cortisol and their impact on measurement among healthy adults: A review. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008; 68(6), 448-458
 5. Duclos, M.  A critical assessment of hormonal methods used in monitoring training status in athletes. Int  Sport Med  J. 2008; 9(2): 56-66.
6. Hayes  LD,  Bickerstaff  GF, Baker, JS.  Interactions of cortisol, testosterone, and resistance training: influence of circadian rhythms. Chronobiol Int. 2010;27(4), 675-705.
7. Rahimi R, Ghaderi M, Mirzaei B, Ghaeni S, Faraji H, Vatani DS, Rahmani Nia F.  Effects of very short rest periods on immunoglobulin A and cortisol responses to resistance exercise in men. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. 2010; 5(2):146-157. 
8. Souza Vale RG, Oliveira  RD, Pernambuco CS, Silveira Fontenele  Meneses YP, Meneses SF, Novaes JS.  Effects of muscle strength and aerobic training on basal serum levels of IGF-1 and cortisol in elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr.2009; 49(3): 343-347.
 9. Ghaderi M,  Azarbayjani MA, Rahimi R, Molanouri Shamsi M, Atashak  S, Mokari Saei S, Sharafi H. The Effect of maximal progressive exercise on serum cortisol & immunoglobulin: A responses in young elite athletes. Ann Biol Res. 2011, 2 (6):456-463 
10. Powell J, DiLeo T, Roberge R, Coca A, Kim J-H.  Salivary and serum cortisol levels during recovery from intense exercise and prolonged, moderate exercise. Biol Sport. 2015;32(2):91-95.
11. Gatti R, De Palo EF. An update: salivary hormones and physical exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21(2):157-169.
 12. Usui T, Yoshikawa T, Orita K. Changes in salivary antimicrobial peptides, immunoglobulin A and cortisol after prolonged strenuous exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 201(1): 151-9.
 13. Smith TP, Kennedy S.L and Fleshner M. Influence of age and physical activity on the primary in vivo antibody and T cell-mediated responses in men. J Appl Physiol. 2004; 97:491-498.
 14. Thomas NE, Leyshon A, Hughes MG. Concentrations of salivary testosterone, cortisol, and immunoglobulin A after supra-maximal exercise in female adolescents. J Sports Sci 2010; 28(12): 1361-8.
 15. Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ. Position statement: part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2011;17:6–63.
 16. Pourvaghar MJ, Ghaeini AA, Ravasi AA, Kordi M.R. Effects of training time on serum immunoglobulin alteration and cortisol testosterone responses in male athlete students. Biol. Sport 2010;27:25-28.
 17.Moreira A, Arsati F, Lima-Arsati YB. Effect of a kickboxing match on salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A. Percept Mot Skills. 2010; 111(1): 158-66.
 18. Slivka DR, Hailes WS, Cuddy JS, Ruby BC. Effects of 21 days of intensified training on markers of overtraining. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010;24:2604-2612.
 19. Orysiak J, Witek K, Zmijewski P, Gajewski J. White blood cells in Polish athletes of various sports disciplines. Biol. Sport. 2012;29:101-105.
 20. Wang MY, An LG.  Effects of 12 week’s Tai chi chuan practice on the immune function of female college students who lack physical exercise. Biol. Sport. 2011;28:45-49.
  21.  Trochimiak T, Hubner Wozniak E.  Effect of exercise on the level of immunoglobulin A in saliva.
 Biol. Sport. 2012;29:255-261.
 22. Naghib S, Kianzadeh A, Abdi H, Kaveh F. Comparing Levels of Serum IgA, IgG, IgM and Cortisol in the Professional Bodybuilding Athletes and Non-Athletes. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2013; 15 (10):65-68.
 23. Powell J, DiLeo T, Roberge R, Coca A, Kim J-H.  Salivary and serum cortisol levels during recovery from intense exercise and prolonged, moderate exercise.  Biol. Sport. 2015;32:91-95.
 24.  Taylor IM, Turner JE,  Gleeson M,  Hough J. Negative Psychological Experiences and Saliva Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Field Hockey Players. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 2015;27(1):67-78.