https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/ Navid No en daily 1 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27924.html Background and Aims: Assessing the spiritual health of students at the time of university entry is essential for educational planning and supportive interventions. This study aimed to determine the level of spiritual health among newly admitted students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2024.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on 473 newly admitted students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using a census sampling method. Data were collected using the Iranian Spiritual Health Questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which had been confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 through descriptive statistics and correlation tests.Results: The mean score of students’ spiritual health was 78.31 ± 15.33. The highest mean score was related to the insight dimension, while the lowest mean score was observed in the behavior dimension. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation among the dimensions of spiritual health (insight, tendency, and behavior) (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The results indicate that higher spiritual insight is associated with greater spiritual tendency and behavior, and these three dimensions change simultaneously and in alignment with each other. Strengthening spiritual insight and tendency may contribute to the enhancement of students’ spiritual behaviors. These findings can be utilized in designing educational programs and interventions aimed at promoting spiritual health among newly admitted medical sciences students. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27925.html Background and Aims: Family caregivers play a vital role in caring for older adults and, despite the challenges they face, may experience positive outcomes. The Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS), developed in 2023, measures these positive aspects; however, no Persian version has been translated or psychometrically evaluated. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian BBCS among family caregivers of older adults.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, translation and cultural adaptation were performed according to the guidelines of Wild et al., including forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, harmonization, cognitive interviews, and finalization. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the Persian version were assessed among 140 family caregivers of older adults. Face and content validity were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, construct reliability (CR), and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest stability.Results: All items demonstrated satisfactory content validity, with CVR values above 0.62 and I-CVI values ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.92.  The KMO value was  0.812,  and Bartlett’s test was significant (p<0.001). CFA supported the one-factor structure of the scale (χ²/df=1.94, GFI=0.87, CFI=0.83, TLI=0.80, RMSEA=0.083). Factor loadings were significant and acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.83, construct reliability exceeded 0.80, and the ICC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62–0.88), indicating good temporal stability. Conclusion: The Persian version of the BBCS demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability and can be used to assess positive aspects of caregiving among Iranian family caregivers of older adults. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27926.html Background and Aims: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic, intrinsically multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus, is an emerging and lethal pathogen in hospital settings. This study aimed to detemine clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia at Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran (2021–2022).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical findings, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and clinical outcomes of 100 patients with S. maltophilia-positive blood cultures were extracted and analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, t-test, and Mann–Whitney tests (significance level set at p < 0.05).Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.78 ± 18.89 years, and 57 (57%) were male. The most common underlying conditions were diabetes (28%), malignancy (19%), chronic wounds (18%), and renal disease (15%). Fever and leukocytosis (45%) were common clinical findings. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was observed for fluoroquinolones (67%) and sulfonamides (44%), while the highest resistance was noted against cephalosporins and carbapenems. The mortality rate was 12.2%. Organ transplantation (P=0.027), tachypnea (P=0.002), and thrombocytopenia (P=0.007) were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality.Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia primarily occurs in patients with underlying risk factors and is associated with significant mortality. Extensive resistance to beta-lactams and carbapenems, alongside relative susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole, was confirmed. Therefore, rational antibiotic use and early identification of high-risk patients are essential to improve clinical outcomes. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27927.html Background and Aims: Given the high prevalence of proton pump inhibitor use among hospitalized patients and the importance of prophylaxis for stress-related gastrointestinal mucosal bleeding, this study aimed to evaluate the rational use of oral and intravenous pantoprazole in patients hospitalized in the hematology–oncology ward of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over six months in the hematology-oncology ward of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. All hospitalized patients in this ward, regardless of whether they were prescribed pantoprazole, were evaluated concerning the indications for this medication.Results: A total of 205 patients were evaluated. Of these, 95 (46.3%) were 50 years old or younger, and 110 (53.7%) were over 50. Among the 205 patients, 138 (67.3%) had pantoprazole correctly prescribed or withheld (63 with coagulopathy and 75 without). However, 67 cases (32.7%) were incorrectly specified, or the medication was denied. Among the 25 patients who received intravenous pantoprazole, only 11 (44%) had a justified indication for intravenous administration, while the remaining 14 (56%) could have tolerated oral pantoprazole. No significant correlation was observed between gender, age, or coagulopathy status and the rationale for prescribing this medication.Conclusion: The study results indicated that pantoprazole was prescribed correctly in the majority of patients. These findings underscore the importance of paying closer attention to patients' clinical conditions when prescribing medication. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27928.html Background and Aims: Amphetamine abuse, as a highly addictive substance, is a global public health problem that leads to severe neurotoxicity, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria, as the energy-producing center of the cell, play a key role in the survival of neuronal cells. The present study aimed to design and synthesize silica nanoparticles containing hexamethylenetetramine for potential application in preventing amphetamine‑induced toxicity in neuronal cells.Materials and Methods: The present study was a laboratory study conducted in the research laboratory of Behdad Farajah from December 2025  to April 2026 and was conducted in accordance with ethical principles. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 9, and SPSS version 26, and all experiments were performed in at least three independent replications and in three separate wells. Nanopharmaceuticals were made by the sol-gel method. The average loaded drug was calculated with silica nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT method and oxidative stress assessment in cells from ROS.Results: The hexamethyl tetraamine Nano medicine loaded in silica nanoparticles was suitable for cytotoxicity. Evaluation of oxidative stress was greatly reduced (P-value <0.0001), and the loading of hexamethylene tetraamine was 37.18%. SEM analysis and loading with FTIR showed the appropriate size and structure of the nanopharmaceutical.Conclusion: The silica Nano medicine (20-40 nm) was associated with 37% loading, high release, reduced ROS, and a significant increase in cell viability. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27929.html Background and Aims: Nursing is traditionally grounded in humanism; however, emerging technologies have blurred the boundaries between human and machine. Posthumanism offers a framework transcending classical limitations. This study aims to elucidate the philosophical components of posthumanism and reconfigure nursing metaparadigms to align with contemporary realities.Materials and Methods: In this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2020-2025). From 110 identified sources, 17 articles were selected. Data were synthesized using Braun & Clarke’s six-stage thematic analysis (familiarization, coding, searching for themes, reviewing, defining themes, and reporting).Results: Posthumanism leads to a re-reading of nursing metaparadigms, defining the nurse and patient as a "relational assemblage" intertwined with technology. In this perspective, the environment shifts from a passive background to an active agent, and health is redefined as the outcome of bio-technological interactions. Furthermore, ethics transitions from an individualistic approach toward accountability for the entire network of life, encompassing both human and non-human entities.Conclusion: Posthumanism provides a platform for a pluralistic and justice-oriented understanding of nursing in the technological era. Integrating these concepts can contribute to the development of nursing knowledge in facing the complexities of the modern age https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27930.html Background and Aims: Pedicle screws are considered the gold standard for treating spinal deformities and injuries; however, their placement is a complex and technically demanding procedure with significant risks. Incorrect screw placement can lead to neurological, vascular, pulmonary, and visceral complications. Consequently, surgeons have a persistent interest in refining screw placement techniques to enhance accuracy and achieve safer, more robust fixation. In recent years, there has been a growing interest among spine surgeons in utilizing Power-Assisted systems. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching international databases (including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Trip) and Iranian databases (including SID and Magiran) from 2012 to 2025. The search utilized keywords such as "Power-Assisted" and "Pedicle Screw" and their Persian equivalents. Out of 40 identified records, 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. Results: Based on the available evidence, the use of Power-Assisted systems for pedicle screw placement is a safe and accurate method, with a reported accuracy ranging from 95.8% to 96.12%. This technique reduces the "wobble" phenomenon, decreases the screw strip-out rate to 0.3%, and lowers the rate of clinically significant perforations to 1.32%. It also reduces the screw insertion time by up to 62% (10.5 seconds per screw compared to 27.4 seconds). Fluoroscopy time and, consequently, radiation exposure risk for both the surgeon and patient are significantly shortened. From an ergonomic perspective, this technique reduces the surgeon's muscle exertion by up to 80% and maintains it within a safe threshold throughout 100% of the procedure duration. Conclusion: The Power-Assisted technique is a safe and accurate method with high accuracy. It is associated with reduced complications such as "wobble," screw failure, and radiation exposure time, while also preventing surgeon musculoskeletal injuries. https://nnj.mums.ac.ir/article_27931.html Background and Aims: Professional identity is a cornerstone of nursing professionalism, directly influencing the quality of care, job commitment, and nurses’ satisfaction. The nursing curriculum, encompassing both formal and hidden elements, plays a critical role in shaping this identity. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the curriculum components that influence the formation of professional identity in nursing students.Materials and Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published between January 2015 and September 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources. Eligible studies included quantitative designs (RCTs, quasi-experimental, and cross-sectional) examining the relationship between curriculum components and nursing students’ professional identity.Results: Out of 3,482 identified records, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted across Asia, Europe, and the United States, with sample sizes ranging from 98 to 612 undergraduate nursing students. Most studies employed quasi-experimental designs. Interventions included medical documentary-based teaching, online modules, structured mentoring, and portfolio-based learning. Findings consistently demonstrated that these strategies enhanced professional identity, improved self-efficacy, and supported professional socialization. Additionally, individual and informal factors, such as hidden curriculum and internship experiences, were identified as significant predictors of professional identity.Conclusion: Evidence suggests that innovative curriculum design, integration of theory and practice, application of digital learning tools, and experiential opportunities are essential in fostering professional identity among nursing students. These insights provide guidance for policymakers and educators to reform nursing curricula and strengthen professional development in nursing education.