Translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the positive aspects of caregiving scale among iranian family caregivers of older adults

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Ph.D, Student in Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Associate professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Associate professor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

10.22038/nnj.2026.93607.1532

Abstract

Background and Aims: Family caregivers play a vital role in caring for older adults and, despite the challenges they face, may experience positive outcomes. The Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS), developed in 2023, measures these positive aspects; however, no Persian version has been translated or psychometrically evaluated. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian BBCS among family caregivers of older adults.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, translation and cultural adaptation were performed according to the guidelines of Wild et al., including forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, harmonization, cognitive interviews, and finalization. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the Persian version were assessed among 140 family caregivers of older adults. Face and content validity were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, construct reliability (CR), and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest stability.
Results: All items demonstrated satisfactory content validity, with CVR values above 0.62 and I-CVI values ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.92.  The KMO value was  0.812,  and Bartlett’s test was significant (p<0.001). CFA supported the one-factor structure of the scale (χ²/df=1.94, GFI=0.87, CFI=0.83, TLI=0.80, RMSEA=0.083). Factor loadings were significant and acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.83, construct reliability exceeded 0.80, and the ICC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62–0.88), indicating good temporal stability.
 Conclusion: The Persian version of the BBCS demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability and can be used to assess positive aspects of caregiving among Iranian family caregivers of older adults.

Keywords

References

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Navid No
Volume 29, Issue 97
June 2026
Pages 10-20

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