The effect of cold water spray on the severity of thirst and dry mouth in patients with heart failure

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

2 Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor. Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Background and purpose: One of the annoying symptoms that heart‌failure patients experience is thirst and dry‌mouth.This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of cold water spray on the severity of thirst and dry‌mouth in patients with heart‌failure.
Methods: In this controlled clinical trial study,the statistical population of all heart‌failure patients hospitalized in the Imam‌Reza and Qaim hospitals, which were selected by the available sampling method.After completing the informed consent form, the patients were randomly assigned to test or control groups.The intensity of thirst and dry‌mouth was measured using numerical rating scales.In the control‌group,wetting the lips and mouth with wet swap and in the test‌group,the cold water spray program was implemented every two hours from 9:00am to 5:00pm for 3days.The intensity of thirst and dry‌mouth was measured every 24hours.At the end,the data were analyzed by SPSS software version‌‌21.
Findings: According to the findings,before the intervention in the average intensity of thirst and dry‌mouth at the moment,the intensity of thirst and dry‌mouth in the last 24 hours and the worst intensity of thirst and dry‌mouth in 24 hours between the test and control groups,there was no significant difference.(P>0.05) After the intervention,the results indicated a significant decrease in the intensity of dry‌mouth at the moment,dry‌mouth in the last 24 hours and the worst intensity of dry‌mouth in 24 hours in the test‌group compared to the control-group.(P<0.05)
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate the effect of cold water spray on reducing the dry‌mouth in patients with heart‌failure.
IRCT:IRCT20221229056977N1

Keywords

References

1.    Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovascular Research. 2022;118(17):3272-87
2.    Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(8):e153-e639. 
3.    Roch C, Palzer J, Zetzl T, Störk S, Frantz S, van Oorschot B. Utility of the integrated palliative care outcome scale (IPOS): a cross-sectional study in hospitalised patients with heart failure. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020;19(8):702-10.
4.    Arrigo M, Jessup M, Mullens W, Reza N, Shah AM, Sliwa K, et al. Acute heart failure. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020;6(1):1-15. 
5.    Younes, K., Thirst and its Predictors in Patients with Heart Failure, in American university of beirut. 2022. 
6.    Heidenreich PA, Fonarow GC, Opsha Y, Sandhu AT, Sweitzer NK, Warraich HJ. Economic Issues in Heart Failure in the United States. J Card Fail. 2022;28(3):453-66.
7.    Heo S, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Grudnowski S, Kim J, Turrise S. Patients’ Beliefs About Causes and Consequences of Heart Failure Symptoms. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2019;41(11):1623-41.
8.    Riley JP, Beattie JM. Palliative care in heart failure: facts and numbers. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4(2):81-7.
9.    van der Wal MHL, Jaarsma T, Jenneboer LC, Linssen GCM. Thirst in stable heart failure patients; time to reconsider fluid restriction and prescribed diuretics. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(4):2181-8.
10.    Eng SH, Waldréus N, González B, Ehrlin J, Díaz V, Rivas C, et al. Thirst distress in outpatients with heart failure in a Mediterranean zone of Spain. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8(4):2492-501.
11.    Gong J, Waldréus N, Hu S, Luo Z, Xu M, Zhu L. Thirst and factors associated with thirst in hospitalized patients with heart failure in China. Heart Lung. 2022;53:83-8.
12.    Oriani A, Guo P, Gadoud A, Dunleavy L, Kane P, Murtagh FE. What are the main symptoms and concerns reported by patients with advanced chronic heart failure?—a secondary analysis of the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS) and Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS). Annals of palliative medicine. 2019;8(5):775-80.
13.    Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola VP, Mebazaa A, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Martens P, et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(2):137-55.
14.    Eng SH, Jaarsma T, Lupón J, González B, Ehrlin J, Díaz V, et al. Thirst and factors associated with frequent thirst in patients with heart failure in Spain. Heart Lung. 2021;50(1):86-91.
15.    Simão DO, Júlia da Costa R, Fonseca Verneque BJ, Ferreira do Amaral J, Chagas GM, Duarte CK. Sodium and/or fluid restriction and nutritional parameters of adult patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;45:33-44.
16.    Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European Heart Journal. 2016;37(27):2129-200.
17.    van der Wal MHL, Waldréus N, Jaarsma T, Kato NP. Thirst in Patients With Heart Failure in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Japan. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;35(1):19-25.
18.    Aliti GB, Rabelo ER, Clausell N, Rohde LE, Biolo A, Beck-da-Silva L. Aggressive fluid and sodium restriction in acute decompensated heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(12):1058-64.
19.    Stotts NA, Arai SR, Cooper BA, Nelson JE, Puntillo KA. Predictors of thirst in intensive care unit patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015;49(3):530-8.
20.    Morone NE, Weiner DK. Pain as the fifth vital sign: exposing the vital need for pain education. Clin Ther. 2013;35(11):1728-32.
21.    Hudiyawati D, Suswardany D. Evaluating Frozen Strawberries as a Strategy for Thirst Management in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia. 2021;20(2).
22.    Allida SM, Inglis SC, Davidson PM, Hayward CS, Shehab S, Newton PJ. A survey of views and opinions of health professionals managing thirst in chronic heart failure. Contemp Nurse. 2016;52(2-3):244-52.
23.    Wu C, Liu Y, Yang L, Tang Y, Zhou L, Wang X. Thirst Relief Effect of 0.75% Citric Acid Spray During the Anesthesia Recovery Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2021;36(6):642-6.
24.    Zhang W, Gu Q, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu L. Symptom management to alleviate thirst and dry mouth in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Australian Critical Care. 2022;35(2):123-9.
25.    Taşci S. The Effect of Acupressure Applied to Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment on Severity of Thirst and Quality of Life. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2020.
26.    Allida SM, Hayward CS, Newton PJ. Thirst in heart failure: what do we know so far? Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2018;12(1):4-9.
27.    Maslom S, Ebrahimi Rigi Tanha H, Sharifipour F, Zerati A. Effect of ice chips on intensity of thirst and fluid intake in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Evidence Based Care. 2013;3(3):59-68.
28.    Salata RA, Verbalis JG, Robinson AG. Cold water stimulation of oropharyngeal receptors in man inhibits release of vasopressin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987;65(3):561-7.
29.    Oztas M, Oztas B. Effect of spray use on mouth dryness and thirst of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2022;37(2):214-20.
30.    Lin R, Chen H, Chen L, Lin X, He J, Li H. Effects of a spray-based oropharyngeal moisturising programme for patients following endotracheal extubation after cardiac surgery: A randomised, controlled three-arm trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;130:104214.
31.    Shikha G, Vinay K, Neetu K. Effectiveness of an Intervention Bundle on Thirst Intensity and Dry Mouth among Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2020;11(4).
32.    Puntillo K, Arai SR, Cooper BA, Stotts NA, Nelson JE. A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to relieve thirst and dry mouth in intensive care unit patients. Intensive care medicine. 2014;40:1295-302.
33.    Lin R, Chen H, Chen L, Lin X, He J, Li H. Effects of a spray-based oropharyngeal moisturising programme for patients following endotracheal extubation after cardiac surgery: A randomised, controlled three-arm trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2022;130:104214.
Navid No
Volume 26, Issue 86
September 2023
Pages 6-18

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics