Unknowing, a Model of Knowledge in Nursing

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 nursing and midwifery care research Center, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, iran

2 School of Nursing. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Aims: Understanding the knowledge patterns used in nursing is the key to teaching and learning.  Carper proposed four models of empirics, personal, ethics and aesthetic knowledge. Since then, nursing scientists have expanded on her work and they suggested other models for basic knowledge in nursing. Munhall identified the fifth pattern of knowing, which is, paradoxically, unknowing.
Materials and Methods: This article is a narrative review. Previously published information on the pattern of unknowing in nursing was searched with the Persian and English keywords of patterns of knowledge in nursing, knowing and un knowing in the information sources Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ISI, Science Direct. In order to cover the maximum aim, the search was done without applying time limit and using AND/OR operators. Finally, 28 articles and books were used.
Results: Unknowing is the knowledge that the nurse does not know the patient at the first meeting and by recognizing this unknowing, the nurse remains alert to the patients' point of view. Unknowing can be defined as a process of understanding or a condition of openness that gives meaning to an experience. In unknowing, people purposefully let go of their preconceptions, stereotypes, prejudices, and assumptions. This view of unknowing fosters an open mind by exploring multiple possibilities.
Conclusion: In this model, the nurse should discard the preconceived notions of what is best for the patient. Unknowing can be considered a vital pathway to new and undiscovered knowledge for nursing and all interpersonal relationships.

Keywords

References

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Navid No
Volume 25, Issue 83
December 2022
Pages 68-79

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