Systematic review of clinical trial studies on non-pharmacological methods of pain control in children

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care fellowship, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2 Asistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care fellowship, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3 Asistant Professor, Department of Emergency medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.

4 Asistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Non-pharmacological treatments are methods to control a child's pain during various therapeutic procedures. Many studies have suggested different methods for this purpose. However, a study has not yet examined what is appropriate for each age group.
Materials & Methods: The present systematic review study was conducted based on the PRISMA guideline for review studies. This study was conducted to review controlled clinical trial studies evaluating the effectiveness of any non-pharmacological intervention (during painful intervention) compared to routine care to improve children's experience of pain. A systematic search of the literature reviewed by two of the researchers in this study was conducted by 2020. The search was conducted on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct. The modified Jadd scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Microsoft Excel was used to extract study details.
Results: The results of a pilot study showed that there was a great deal of heterogeneity in the types of tools used as a non-pharmacological method of pain control and the tools used to evaluate the patient's experience; Therefore, the synthesis of the findings was not done quantitatively. In the present study, 24 studies with a total of 2653 participants were reviewed. In the case of preterm infants, 5 studies were performed with a total of 378 infants. The studies that examined term and infant infants were three studies with a total of 460 term or infant infants. A total of 16 studies were reviewed involving 1,815 children (toddlers, early childhood children, middle-aged children, and adolescents). More taste stimulation and sucking were appropriate for premature infants. Mother's arms were a good option for term babies. In higher age groups, different deviation methods showed good performance; But the results for music playback have been conflicting.
Conclusion: The present study showed that the use of different methods of pain control should be selected according to the age of the child and due to the existence of different options with appropriate performance and the absence of risk in the use of non-pharmacological methods, according to the circumstances. The child should use one or more appropriate distraction methods.

Keywords

References

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Navid No
Volume 25, Issue 81
June 2022
Pages 97-107

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